wonder || Copernican worldview || non-intentional natural laws & mechanisms || experiment: systematic investigation & arguing from experience || measuring and quantifying || scientific institutions || scale of the scientific enterprise

Retrospective:
1. rare books: Wonder and the Spirit of Investigation
2. Gilbert, De Magnete
3. Harvey, De motu cordis
4. Galileo Retrial
5. Boyle, Spring of Air
6. Newton, Opticks

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7. Emergence of modern science

8. wonder (and industry)
9. new ideas: America displacing Europe from the center?
10. new ideas: Copernicus displacing Earth from the center
11. new ideas: natural laws and mechanisms
12. experiment: systematic investigation
13. experiment: arguing from experience and contrived conditions
14. measuring, from magnetic dip and compressed mercury to cannonball distances
    more measuring -- of celestial positions [ Johannes Hevelius, Machina coelestis pars prior, 1673 ]
    
15. scientific institutions: communication networks
16. scientific institutions: forum for resolving disputes
17. scientific institutions: public knowledge, promoted for the public good
18. scale of patronage for science
    scale of scientific enterprise

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    Focus on Mathematics: in Art & Science
19. Was math new?
    Incan quipus [photo: Inka Crops; print image from Guaman Poma (1613)]
20. dissection: from da Vinci to Harvey
21. color: from Raphael and Rubens to Descartes and Newton
22. da Vinci: proportions
23. Brunelleschi and the Florence cathedral dome
24. demonstrating single-point perspective: comparing a reflected image to the real thing
25. rendering the Santo Spirito Church, Florence, before being built
26. modern photo
27. Massaccio Trinity
28. Uccello's battle scene (1435)
29. colonnade
30. its illusion revealed
31. Uccello's chalice
32. Albrecht Durer and his scheme for drawing in perspective, 1545
33. or by mapping perspective lines
34. projecting the image onto a planar grid
35. Mercator's geographical/cartographic grid projection (1569 and after)
36. Galileo's mathematicizing motion in space (Dialog Concerning Two New Sciences, 1638)
37. measuring motion using an inclined plane
38. curve drawing device that helped inspire Descartes' conception of a coordinate system
39. device in action
40. Robert Fludd and mathematical themes of the microcosm

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41. Gilbert's spatial geometry of magnetic forces (De Magnete, 1600)
42. Galileo's military compass and computations from the Dialog of distance of a celestial body based on parallax.
43. Boyle's table of measurements on the "spring" (condensation) of air
44. Newton's mathematical partitioning of the spectrum, opposite Robert Fludd's cosmic fret, expressing the "harmony of the spheres" [ 1702 Newton portrait by Kneller ]

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    Focus on Copernicanism
45. Ptolemaic astronomy -- "extreme" mathematics
46. Copernicus . . . 1543 ! -- eccentric eliminated, but not epicycles
47. Galileo -- Jupiter's moons, etc., challenge physical assumptions
48. Johannes Kepler and his first mathematical interpretation
49. Kepler's ellipses
50. Newton's gravity